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Abstraction in object-Oriented-programming: Deep Dive(C++)

 

Abstraction in object-Oriented-programming: Deep Dive

What is Abstraction in (Oops):

Abstraction is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) that refers to the process of identifying the essential characteristics of an object and separating them from the non-essential details. It allows for a more focused and simplified view of the object, making it easier to understand, maintain, and extend. In this article, we will explore abstraction in C++ in a beginner-friendly way, using a car class example to help illustrate the concepts.

In C++, abstraction is achieved through the use of abstract classes and pure virtual functions. An abstract class is a class that has at least one pure virtual function, also known as an interface. A pure virtual function is a function that has no implementation, only a function signature.

Abstraction with Example(C++):

Here is an example of a simple example of inheritance in C++ that represents a car. Lets go through step by step:

Let's say we have a base class Car which has some basic properties like carName and some basic behavior like startEngine().

In this example, the class Car is an abstract class because it has a pure virtual function startEngine() which has no implementation. This means that the class Car cannot be instantiated, but it can be inherited by other classes which will provide the implementation for the startEngine() method.

Now we want to create two new classes SUV and Sedan which are inherited from the base class Car and have their own behavior of starting the engine.


In this example, the SUV and Sedan classes have their own behavior of starting the engine, but they also have the property carName which is inherited from the base class Car. And the base class Car is abstract, so it can not be instantiated but can be used as a reference or pointer to the derived classes to access their properties and methods

Conclusion:

Abstraction is a powerful feature of OOP that allows for a more focused and simplified view of an object, making it easier to understand, maintain, and extend. In C++, abstraction is achieved through the use of abstract classes and pure virtual functions. Understanding and using abstraction correctly is crucial to creating maintainable, reusable, and efficient code. It enables the developer to focus on the essential characteristics of an object and separate them from the non-essential details, thus making the code



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