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Class and Objects in object-Oriented-programming: Deep Dive(C++)

 Class and Objects in object-Oriented-programming: Deep Dive

What is Class and Object:

Classes and objects are the building blocks of object-oriented programming (OOP) and are used to represent real-world entities in code. They help to organize and structure code in a logical and meaningful way, making it easier to understand, maintain, and extend. In this article, we will explore classes and objects in C++ in a beginner-friendly way, with code examples to help illustrate the concepts.

A class in C++ is a blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines the properties and behavior of the objects it creates. Properties, also known as data members, are the variables that hold the state of an object, while behavior, also known as member functions, define the actions that an object can perform.

Classes and Objects with Example(C++):

Here is an example of a simple class in C++ that represents a car. Lets go through step by step:

1. In below snippet example, the Car class has three properties: make, model, and year. It also has two behaviors: startEngine() and stopEngine(). The keyword "class" is used to define a class and the properties and behavior are defined within the class using the curly braces {}.


2. Once a class has been defined, objects can be created from it. In C++, an object is created by using the class name as a data type and using the keyword "new" to create a new instance of the class. Here is an example of creating an object of the Car class:



3.Once an object has been created, its properties and behavior can be accessed and used. In the example of the Car class, the properties make, model and year can be set or accessed using the dot operator (.) as follow:


and the behaviors startEngine() and stopEngine() can be called as a function



It is also possible to create multiple objects from the same class, each with its own unique state.


Conclusion:

classes and objects are the fundamental concepts of OOP and provide a way to represent real-world entities in code, as well as to organize and structure code in a logical and meaningful way. In C++, classes are defined using the keyword "class" and objects are created using the keyword "new". Understanding and using classes and objects correctly is crucial to creating maintainable, reusable, and efficient code. This is a basic example and in more complex program you can use constructors, destructors and different access specifiers to create class and objects.

you can also create classes that can access other class members and functions without creating class objects or class instance using Inheritance. Learn more about inheritance Here




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